Sustainable Talent Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Supportable Talent Management - Research Paper Example † and perceive their Corporation’s ability pool. The work force hole investigation encourages enrollment specialists to be exceedingly fit for conveying candidates that accomplish the principal mastery. This has been pre-built up by the prerequisites of the position and the points of the Corporation. It too uncovers an endeavor by the Corporation in the new personnel’s development and progress, which grows a drawn out alliance of dedication and commitment (Berger and Berger, 2004). This is shared for both the representative and the Corporation. Lost ability is costly to reestablish, counter-profitable to Corporation accomplishment so supporting the threats connected with confirming occupation fit, and cheering development and info are definitive to the accomplishment of the Corporation †and the specialist. Making a work force ability the board plot, which assesses the voids in the midst of an employee’s present execution and favored aptitude in that jo b, is basic. Next, burrowing profound to perceive the voids in ability all through the association by setting up a hierarchical ability plot is basic. At long last, picking up information on the most proficient method to control innovation and figure execution at differing levels of the firm is the last procedure. 2.0. Key Concepts and the Talent Review Process When individuals articulate perspectives concerning ability pools they connote occupations, undertakings or capacities in a firm where 20 percent enhancement in class or openness would define the essential distinction to official achievement. Framework for the Management of People (SMP) involving the ability pool development course is focused on the thoughts and codes for a solid administrative association and managerial administration, signified to as the ‘obligatory organization’ model. Line chiefs will be instructed in the structure of the execution and turn out of the course in their extents of obligation. So me of the key mandatory association codes and recognitions in regards to the ability pool conspire are: †¢ All specialists are a component of the ability pool. †¢ Individual's critical thinking limits form through youth and into adulthood, in anticipated examples. This means every individual has a natural planned for psychological development sooner or later. The ability pool development course is concocted to favor the present and up and coming jobs of personages with their own latent capacity. †¢ Line administrators are at risk for running ability, with HR giving guide and backing. †¢ The official and supervisor once-disposed of either exact auxiliary has different accountabilities in respects of the present and future supportiveness of the inferiors: o The executive, has a preparation job to make certain the specialist is proficient in his/her current job. o The supervisor once-wiped out, has a coaching capacity to ensure the subordinate grows to his/her total potential. †¢ Judgments expected as a result of the ability pool course are followed and directed in the midst of chiefs and their supervisors once-wiped out. Once directed, each specialist is given reaction on their development chart to take the report of individual goals. †¢ Career development plans are assessed to ensure these goals are executed. Actualizing the ability pool development course in assessing capacities, directing choices and examining development goals is a yearly procedure. 3.0. Ability Management Objectives to Measure Functional Expertise The matured

Marketing and the Apple Watch Essay

Promoting happens inside an association when customers needs, needs and requests are met with the trading of an item (Kotler and Armstrong, 1991). The idea is association wide, and especially significant when new items are presented inside a market. Client esteem is a significant part of showcasing, as it helps in investigating what the purchasers saw needs and needs are. Client worth can be characterized as the advantages picked up, and forfeits made so as to buy an item. The fundamental wellsprings of significant worth made by the association are practical/instrumental worth, experiential/indulgent worth, representative/expressive worth and cost/penance esteem. In this paper we will be looking towards the fore coming Apple Watch for instance. Promoting is an incredibly expansive idea. Along these lines when endeavoring to characterize the term, the various implications it has for a wide range of individuals and gatherings must be recognized. (Kotler, Shaw, FitzRoy, Chandler, 1983). The term at its center identifies with considerably more than simply the selling and promoting of items. The ideal point is for items or administrations to be uncovered in an invigorating way for both backhanded and direct clients of the association. The regular misguided judgment of the term â€Å"marketing† is that its center component is to just sell an item or administration. In any case, advertising as a business theory is received all through the entire association, and through all degrees of the executives (Keelson, 2012). It is a methodology where the customers’ needs and needs should be the essential worry all through all business choices. Kotler et al (1983) investigates the term further by contending that advertising is the way toward utilizing exercises and foundations that empower correspondence, redemption and the trading of contributions that offer some incentive for a wide cluster of clients, just as society on the loose. Showcasing has some major ideas appended to it †the as a matter of first importance being human needs, identifying with individuals feeling denied by not having merchandise or administrations (Kotler and Armstrong, 1991). Human needs are multifaceted and come in wealth, and from these apparent needs human needs are built up. Human needs are generally reliant on the requirements of people, as they are shaped by singular societies and improvement (Kotler and Armstrong, 1991). Once anâ individual wants an item and has the ability to buy it, these needs are changed over to requests. In particular inside the procedure is the trade, saw as the basic guideline of advertising (Woodall, 2004). Identifying with acquisition, procuring the ideal item from an individual while offering something consequently. An item is basically anything offered to the market so as to fulfill their apparent needs and needs (Kotler and Armstrong, 1991). For this situation the Apple Watch will be examined. The item or administration will be aimed at a particular market, which contains all potential and real purchasers (Kotler et al, 1983). The Apple Watch is being focused at the overall population, however more explicitly a hyper center towards recently settled Apple clients and fans with an inclination for unrivaled products. These ideas are significant segments of showcasing as they give data to the association to figure out what products and ventures to offer. Advertising is enormously essential to any association, paying little heed to measure or sort of item and administration on offer. The point of experiencing showcasing is to convey a way of life to individuals, giving them items for when and where they need them (Kotler et al, 1983). The idea of promoting is as a rule moved by income; organizations need to add to their benefits by fulfilling client needs. Without appropriately executed showcasing capacities set up, where the clients needs, needs, and requests are not adjusted inside the exchange, at that point the association has minimal possibility of accomplishing an upper hand, just as picking up an incentive for themselves. (Keelson, 2012). Utilizing the case of the Apple watch, which has been underway for quite a while, Apple have been amassing their thoughts, while watching the aftereffects of other opponent organizations discharging comparable renditions of the item. Apple have been cautiously focusing on the clients needs and needs, and are at last prepared to discharge the finished result to expectedly excited buyers. Client esteem basically is the apparent advantages finished up by the client, got from getting the item held facing the sacrificesâ being made to gain the item (Weinstein, 2012). Associations making esteem, moreover client esteem is dynamically being viewed as a new and modern wellspring of upper hand (Woodruff, 1997). Along these lines, the production of client esteem is an unfathomably huge focal idea inside advertising (Patterson and Spreng, 1997). Anyway there isn't one single settled upon definition that might be utilized for client esteem, just as no particular authoritative hypothesis or system used to stress client esteem (Weinstein, 2012). Embracing the manner by which associations can make worth, Smith and Colgate (2007), have built up an inventive structure where four kinds of significant worth made only by the association are recognized †these being utilitarian/instrumental worth, experiential/gluttonous worth, representative/expressive worth and cost/penance esteem. Useful and instrumental worth alludes to the purchaser buying the item and having it complete the capacity it is intended to do (Smith and Colgate, 2007). All the more so worried about the product’s properties, execution and results. All together for the Apple watch to achieve this worth, the savvy needs to have all highlights including precise time, Wi-Fi, and client to-client network in a way that is anything but difficult to work and comprehend, just as solid for the buyer. This evaluation of significant worth may change between people. The experiential/libertine worth is increasingly expelled from the item itself, and progressively identified with the sensations we get from the item. All the more explicitly connected to the sentiments and feelings we get, just as appropriate encounters for the client (Weinstein, 2012). Tim Cook, the CEO of Apple has titled the Apple watch as the most close to home and private item yet (Apple, 2015), with the watch making you of notices through a little vibration aware of your skin. Proceeding with tactile incentive inside the watch, Apple have worked with high design fashioners and beauticians to guarantee the item looks extraordinary, just as discharging a wide exhibit of styles reasonable for anybody. Moreover, the savvy being one of Apple’s most tastefully satisfying items to date, it is accepted that shoppers will buy because of delight of having it (CNET, 2015). This feeling of happiness and experience holds passionate incentive for the purchaser. Emblematic and expressive worth is properly focused on the degree in which the client will offer or partner mental importance to a particular item. In addition as far as self-character, and whether the item empowers the purchaser to communicate their characters, just as joining social importance (Smith and Colgate, 2007). There are an enormous assortment of Apple watches that might be bought with varying costs and styles. This gives the purchaser a lot of decision, and a capacity to communicate as far as configuration in hues, state of watch, and wristbands. Tending to self-esteem and self-personality, previously mentioned the watch comes in numerous styles with various sticker prices, the 18 carrot gold apple watch could speak to an individual needing to represent eminence, and status, and along these lines cause the purchaser to feel great about themselves. Anyway close to home importance is unfathomably explicit to people, and for advertisers this can be extremely hard to accompli sh. The expense and penance esteem identified with the things we provide up so as to get the item, including time, cash, individual speculations and the dangers in question (Slater and Narver, 1994). Apple has given a wide exhibit of costs going from AU $499 to $24,000 (CNET, 2015), implying that individuals can pick the dollar sum they pay. As this is Apple’s first endeavor at showcasing an item intended to be worn, the genuine buy experience will unfathomably contrast. Apple workers have been prepared to be substantially more client centered, posing inquiries and causing the purchaser to feel great (Apple, 2015). Anyway the item has a significant level of individual venture, and dangers appended to the genuine acquisition of item. As the watch stays a piece of the advanced computerized electronic world, there is consistently the opportunity that innovation will upset rapidly and the item will be obsolete. Also alongside buying the watch, the purchaser must have probably the most recent form of the IPhone all together for the gadget to be perfect, this restricts the market of individuals purchasing the item. While the Apple watch may convey a ton of emblematic, and expressive worth, there are still a ton of dangers and costs joined to the item. The relationship that exists among showcasing, and client esteem is evident. Associations know that appropriate showcasing needs to include something beyond limited time publicity. It should be interwoven with providingâ real incentive to clients. Preceding the genuine arrival of the Apple watch, the brand has had the option to discover a harmony between utilizing huge scope promotions on TV just as high class magazines to pick up consideration and to invoke enthusiasm from people in general, while as yet teaching shoppers on the uncapped highlights and capacities that the watch has. Woodruff (1997) suggests client esteem having since quite a while ago went about as an indispensable rule inside current promoting as a way to pick up consumer loyalty, however brand dedication also. Associations utilize various ways of thinking of showcasing as an approach to find what the customers’ needs and needs are, t

Top 10 Tips for Communicating With Us No. 8 Familiarize yourself with expenses, and search for fellowships ASAP COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Top 10 Tips for Communicating With Us No. 8 Familiarize yourself with expenses, and search for fellowships ASAP COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Updated: March 2016 This is the eighth entry in our “Top 10? list for you to consider when communicating with our office and applying. Number 8 â€" Familiarize yourself with expenses, and search  for fellowships ASAP Yes, there is no doubt about it, graduate school is expensive.  We will do as much as we can to educate you on financial options, but by far the number one thing you can do is to be diligent in searching for fellowships and grants.  Do not wait to search until you have applied, you should start the search long before applying.  Each applicant should follow what I call the “rule of 2.”   Basically my assertion is that applicants should spend twice as much time applying for fellowships as time spent working on admission application.  If it takes you 10 hours to prepare your admission application, you would be well served to spend 20 hours looking for fellowships.  A great resource to use in order to get started is our external fellowship database. Most of the information you need concerning the cost to attend is available on our financial aid website, such as cost of attendance,  types of aid,  scholarship information, and information specifically for international students.  Please do note that SIPA scholarships come from one general pool â€" there is no difference in the fellowship award process at SIPA for domestic and international students â€" all students are equally considered no matter the country of origin.

Macbeths Cruelity in Shakespeares Macbeth Essay - 595 Words

Macbeths Cruelity in Shakespeares Macbeth William Shakespeares play Macbeth written in 1605-1606, is a brilliant and dramatic piece of art about how the Scots and Macbeth butchered the whole Danish army. People set high goals or purposes with significant meaning in Shakespeares time. People back then set their goals by working very hard to get better or getting done what they set out to achieve. People did anything and everything to get a better job or get wealthier back then. Many people told lies to their employer to advance in their jobs. Also, others purposely did things to their fellow workers to get them in trouble so they could get higher on the latter at work. The characters Macbeth and Lady Macbeth in the play did†¦show more content†¦When King Duncan arrives, Lady Macbeth and Macbeth start planning a plot to kill him. Macbeth begins to get cold feet about the plot to kill Duncan soon after. Lady Macbeth takes on the role here as being the head of the family by forcing and convincing her husband to go on with the plan. Once again, Macbeth is bothered by self-doubt from his fear of retribution in heaven and on earth by getting his reputation shattered. Lady Macbeth pours scorn upon Macbeth by his lack of courage. She says he is a coward and that her own lack of pity will make her kill her own baby as it suckled at her breast, if necessary. This statement and her powerful words convince Macbeth to carry out their plan to kill Duncan. Finally, Macbeth gets up the courage and bravery to kill Duncan as he and Lady Macbeth intend to do. After Macbeth kills King Duncan, he starts to fear that someone might have seen or heard him. Lady Macbeth, once again, comforts and helps him get through his fears and frustration by her powerful words and actions. After Macbeth kills King Duncan, he brings back the daggers that he meant to plant on the guards. Macbeth is scared about having killed Duncan and cannot go back to plant the daggers because he is ashamed of what he did. Once ag ain, Lady Macbeth calms him down and goes back to plant the daggers herself. Also, Macbeth believes that he has murdered sleep and that he will never again be able to sleep easily and be at rest in his

Essay on Emma by Jane Austen - 2322 Words

Societal Affects of Love Emma, by Jane Austen, is a classic comedy that took place in the nineteenth-century near London, England. Emma tells the tale of a heroine attempting to be the matchmaker for everyone, and ultimately herself. Emma Woodhouse, the main character, loses her dear friend and governess, Miss Taylor, to Miss Taylor’s marriage, in which she becomes Mrs. Weston. Emma, in search of another cherished companion, comes across Harriet Smith. Although Harriet comes from a lower class in society, Emma admires her beauty and takes it upon herself to improve Harriet in order to make her acceptable to the upper class. For instance, Mr. Martin, a local farmer, seems to have fallen in love with Harriet, yet Emma suggests that she†¦show more content†¦Emma, being the manipulative girl she is, doesn’t directly tell Harriet to reject his proposal but hints that she doesn’t need to accept him because she could do a lot better. Emma didn’t even really know Mr. Martin. All she knew was that he was a farmer and farmers were considered the low class, so she just let her beliefs about class ranking steer her opinion to decline Mr. Martin. Miss Woodhouse then shares with Harriet that if she had accepted his proposal then they could no longer be friends because she would be down lower on the social class ranking. Emma says: Perfectly, perfectly right, my dearest Harriet; you are doing just what you ought. While you were at all in suspense, I kept my feelings to myself, but now that you are so completely decided, I have no hesitation in approving. Dear Harriet, I give myself joy of this. It would have grieved me to lose your acquaintance, which must have been the consequence of your marrying Mr. Martin. (52-53) After declining Mr. Martin’s proposal, Miss Woodhouse and Mr. Knightley get into an argument because Mr. Knightley sees that Harriet is actually lower in class than Mr. Martin, while Emma disagrees. Mr. Knightley states, â€Å"Nonsense!... Harriet Smith refuse Robert Martin! Madness, if it is so; but I hope you are mistaken† (60). Emma thinks that since she is a friend of Harriet, she cannot possibly be that low in class because Emma doesn’t associate with the lower class.Show MoreRelatedEmma, By Jane Austen1327 Words   |  6 PagesIn Jane Austen’s â€Å"Emma,† conversations reveal the social concerns and the character of its participants. Each contributor has a unique and therefore biased perspective that informs how they appear in a conversation. The eponymous protagonist, Emma is oft seen making judgments whether in dialogue or through free indirect discourse, such that her own shortcomings and biases are elucidated. Emma willing enters into a disagreement with her step-brother, Mr. Knightley, on the elusive Frank Churchill.Read MoreEmma by Jane Austen857 Words   |  4 PagesThe story, Emma, by Jane Austen, is a riveting tale about a heroine who through her determined will to assist others, realizes and attains her own dreams and desires. The story begins with 21 year old, Emma Woodhouse struggling with the loss of her governess of 16 years and a truly dear friend, Miss Taylor. Miss Taylor recently wedded Mr. Weston and moved half a mile away from the Woodhouses residence at Hartfield. Both Emma and her father are trying to cope with this drastic change and overcomeRead MoreEmma by Jane Austen Essay783 Words   |  4 PagesIn Emma Jane Austen exposes the limitations of the role of women in her society. Examine Austen’s presentation of what is called in the novel, women’s usual occupations of eye, and hand, and mind. 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A Study of the Archaeology of the UAE Free Essays

The first dwellers Drumhead There is small grounds supplying cogent evidence for UAE population about Eight thousand old ages ago. Rocks are discovered in different countries of UAE for more than 200,000 old ages ago. It was found in isolation so it is non an easy attack to day of the month that rock for its find and usage in UAE. We will write a custom essay sample on A Study of the Archaeology of the UAE or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the interior topographic point of Sharjah, late, important finds are made in the metropolis of Jebel Faya, where, different rock tools are found in the groups known as strata in the clip period between clip ages of 90,000 and 125,000 old ages ago. One of the diggings includes dramatic attempts for this adust epoch in Jebel Faya. It was taken as the bed for separation and deep bed with the tools of above Paleolithic rock with farther bed of rock tools of Neolithic type. At the starting clip of the Holocene another signifier of rocks was invented about dated back to 8000BC. An early signifier of flint was discovered at that clip period named as Fasad Point. In UAE history, abundant and widespread cogent evidence from that epoch is used in rock tools consisting of vitreous silica, chert and flint. It is referred as the late Stone Age by assorted historical surveies in prehistoric culture of Arab. It is besides known as Neolithic by other writers. A big scope of the applications is carried by the ulterior term in Eurasia. New rock age is characterized by all prolific symptoms of herding, agriculture, land rock fabrication objects, ceramics use and village life in settled province. Merely a few of these features are recorded in specific facet of UAE instance. For Farming, there is yet no specific cogent evidence. Domestic animate beings are found in the signifier of castanetss in UAE that was non associating to the wild animate beings. Cattle, sheep and caprine animal castanetss are found that were merely relevant to domestic animate beings. Animals and human organic structure are non a beginning of innovation and find of life on UAE. It is apparent that life was non obvious and the exact clip when life was started at UAE Earth, is non an easy to be dated precisely. Utmost attempt is deployed in this paper to joint either the research is confined towards the existent clip innovation or it is merely the clip period and castanetss every bit good as rocks those are discovered in the current clip period. Aim Purpose of this survey is dedicated to Archaeology. Historical analysis and development clip period is ever of involvement for find. Natural and innovations or historical background in natural scenes is of great involvement for pupils. In order to run into up the needed demands, all of the innovations are covered in this paper runing from rocks to animate beings and their tissues transmutation with the transition of clip. External environment is necessary for human existences and start of life is discussed in UAE. UAE is one of the great developed states where resources are in rich signifier. Resources are managed and efficaciously deployed as major factor for development. Boness and rocks are considered in elaborate attack as they can be used to place the clip period including what is the exact day of the month for their origin or find at this Earth. The most common and simplest phonograph record on the bead type discovered was 1.5 millimetre midst and 1 to six millimetre in diameter. These common phonograph record were made up of the shell, coral and serpentinite. These are most of the times, intermixed with coral made cannular beads, white beads, to make the knowing and cosmetic effects for intermixed white and black. Following major find is related to castanetss of Socotra discovered at the islands of UAE. Audience Audience for this paper include, Research workers Newspaper Writers Archeologists Writers Scientists Methodology Methodology for any kind of paper is based upon two signifiers of informations sets and survey scenes. Primary Secondary Primary informations is collected through questionnaires, interviews and treatments whereas secondary signifier of information is collected through secondary beginnings including on-line diaries, newspaper articles, docudramas, one-year studies, web sites and Online peer reviewed diaries. Data is available for secondary surveies like it is used in this paper. Paper is based upon information aggregation from different studies and experiments. It is descriptive signifier of survey as all kinds of issues and jobs are discussed in description and farther add-on in information treatment is dealt in this survey as compared to early surveies. This survey is concentrating on experimentation consequences and archeologists point of views for descriptive analysis. Thesis The major and crux statement in this paper is based upon how all of the natural information can be traced back through strong groundss and cogent evidence. It is used in order to keep the natural every bit good as the critical information for full processing. To continue for the animate beings and processs analysis, it is necessary for the direction of information. Al environmental issues and biological science based informations sets are considered in the field experiment scenes of survey as they have to include experiments and unreal scenes as compared to the natural scenes. For more specifications, this paper is linked with the major and minor field natural scenes as no experimentation and cogent evidence is contingent with the footings or processs. No betterment or new technique deduction is provided as a sample and full procedure is delineated in an effectual manner of conjectured day of the months every bit good as finds. Prolific writers and information suppliers are recorded in this survey as an apparent cogent evidence for the written stuff. Literature and compendious information is inoculated in this survey to supply more authorised survey and waies. Consequences Consequences are non based upon any specific ground and its elucidation through experimentation or questionnaire usage. It is related to the inquiry either the clime issues and new land innovation or find is linked with the people motion from north and south zones to Arabic countries. UAE is a developed state and people move in and out for their other grounds as compared to the clime every bit good as new topographic point hunt. Boness and Rocks are used as the beginning of mensurating clip extent that can be related to the life startup on UAE land, but it could non be delineated in a confirmed manner. It resulted or finally ended with the affirmed consequences that no factor can do the nexus between rocks and castanetss shape in different angels and the human life on UAE land. The future waies that are asserted as the key technique or landmark for upcoming research workers are mtDNA of homo for clip appraisal. Student Opinion Bing a nature loving pupil and aimed at happening the ways in same survey lines, I am assure that this paper is written in a reader friendly manner and all kind of information pertained to archeology is efficaciously worthy. It can be farther used as a cardinal tool to place different facets in the natural scenes. Following major issues and positions can be coined on this paper evidences Rocks, Discovery and their UAE History UAE life get down up and Boness Human Genes or Stones, Which one is most Authentic for Life Estimation Study Purpose Study Purpose is used to specify and place either it has been following the cardinal standards a research survey must stay by. Following regulations are followed by this survey in an operative mode. Aim( Aims are clearly mentioned and achieved with a future nonsubjective definition ) Measurable( it is non mensurable as it is qualitative in nature ) Restrictions Restrictions are an high factor in all surveies so this survey is besides confined to some bounds as follow. Time constrain is one of the major issues to be followed din this survey as more clip span can be finally lead towards field survey experimentation and more information informations base development. Experiment and Human engagement in this survey can ensue in more compendious consequences. Merely UAE state is considered for this specific survey as clip is the restriction every bit good the research worker must travel for the more exposure towards information aggregation and analysis. Cardinal Footings Cardinal footings used in this paper include following footings, Fasad Point Al Madar Pearls Akab BHS 18 KHM0035 Marawah Ubaid Socorata In Nutshell Summarizing it up, this paper is important nature addendum for research workers and archaeologists as they have to chief the structural demands and their sophisticated fulfillment. In order to utilize this information in an effectual mode, full procedure is linked with the concatenation of historical motions. Human organic structure and DNA is ever an of import portion for any find and appraisal intent. Animals and other life beings can besides be used as a tool to bring on the factor of life in historical analysis. For future research workers, more than one state must be selected along with more than one factor’s consideration to track life appraisal on the land under observation by them. How to cite A Study of the Archaeology of the UAE, Essay examples

Levis in Walmart Essay Example

Levis in Walmart Paper Problem Faced with 5 years of declining sales, should Levi’s sell a brand to mass discount retailer, Wal-Mart? Executive Summary Quick! Name the first company that comes to mind for the following products: facial tissue, photocopiers, and jeans. Did you answer Kleenex, Xerox, and Levi’s? I bet you did. The #1 apparel brand for brand awareness and recognition, â€Å"Levi’s† is virtually synonymous with â€Å"jeans. † In the past several years however this strong brand recognition has failed to translate into sales growth and in fact the company has seen a progressive decline over the last 5 years. Faced with the declining sales, Levi Strauss Co. ’s CEO, Phil Marineau, has been considering selling a Levi’s brand to mass discount retailer, Wal-Mart. Bad idea. Clearly this would be brand suicide or, brandicide if you will, sacrificing long-term survival for short-term growth. Levi’s should instead put an end to its brand’s dilution and concentrate its target on trend-setting members of Generation Y by positioning itself as an ultra cool brand with a social conscience. In addition to working closely with its current retail outlets to re-invigorate the brand image, Levi’s should work on growing the number of Original Levi’s Stores worldwide in order to retain as much control as possible over the positioning of the brand. The forecasted financial results show that choosing to revitalize and refocus the brand rather than diluting and devaluing it further by selling a value brand to Wal-Mart will cost the company 50 million dollars in the first year. However, within 3 years the efforts are expected to payoff with a 330 million dollar revenue increase over 2002 vs. 270 million dollar projected revenue loss for the Wal-Mart choice. Plus, Levi’s will be able to hit the triple bottom line by remaining socially and environmentally responsible while increasing shareholder earnings. Situation Analysis Strengths †¢Worldwide recognition of its brand name #1 for apparel brand for brand recognition and brand awareness. †¢Global pre sence †¢Owns 12 proprietary specialty stores. †¢Long-standing relationships with many retailers, enabling it to work across several channels of distribution. †¢Continued success of Dockers. Commitment to ethical conduct and social responsibility. †¢Reputation as the brand that started the blue jean revolution Weaknesses †¢Presence across several retail channels with a number of products aimed at different segments with price points â€Å"from the $250 level to the $25 level† diluting the brand. †¢Being used as a loss leader in several chain and department stores is devaluing the brand. †¢The average price paid for Levi’s at retail dropping. †¢History of Levi’s 1994 Canadian dispute with Wal-Mart may be a barrier to rekindling a relationship with the mass retailer. Recent product releases have met with poor results, particularly in the US. †¢Major stockholder’s deficit †¢Ineffective marketing efforts (30% o f sales spent on marketing, yet sales continue to drop) Opportunities †¢The jeans market is growing †¢Teens continue to be biggest jeans buyers †¢Mass merchant channel largest and fastest-growing retail channel for jeans and apparel Threats †¢Competitors at all levels of spectrum including high-end segment, vertically integrated retailers in middle segment, and private-label brands offering comparable designs at reduced prices. †¢Apparel sales down in 2001 Average price of jeans has dropped over the past 10 years due to the proliferation of off-pricing and private-label brands 40% of jeans sold below $20. Issues facing the organization As the jeans market has polarized towards the low and high ends, the Levi’s brand has found itself caught in the middle. Priced between $30 and $50 a pair, the jeans do not offer the same image or design as the high-end brands, or the complete wardrobe selection of the vertically integrated retailers. Also, they do not offer the inexpensive alternatives found through private labels. We will write a custom essay sample on Levis in Walmart specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Levis in Walmart specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Levis in Walmart specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Further, while the jeans market continues to grow, to stand out in the cluttered market, a company must have a real competitive advantage. In the case of Levi’s it seems that mere brand name recognition isn’t enough. And with 5 years of declining sales, Levi’s has to reinvent itself or die. After reviewing the situational analysis of the company, several alternatives can be considered. Alternatives 1. â€Å"Do nothing† and hope to sell more. Faced with a 5 year decline in sales, doing nothing isn’t a very sound strategy. However, perhaps current initiatives such as new product offerings and specialty retail channels need more time to catch on. 2. Enter a new market with a new product. Sell a Levi’s value brand to mass retailers such as Wal-Mart, a retail channel that accounts for 31% of all jean sales. The potential increase in sales from this new channel is probably very good in the short term, however the risk is that entry into the discount market even with a Levi’s value brand that’s differentiated from the main product line, will further devalue and dilute the brand, making it unattractive to its current retailers. If Levi’s gets dropped from chain, department stores, and independents because its brand is no longer relevant to its customers, then the potential loss could offset a good deal of any potential gain. Further, once the brand loses its â€Å"shine,† through dilution, discounting and devaluation, the benefits to Wal-Mart of carrying a higher profile â€Å"national brand† are lost. A likely scenario is that in the long-run, Levi’s would only be carried in discount stores, its brand image too tarnished for chains and department stores, and even in mass retailers used as a loss-leader for the store’s own private labels. 3. Another alternative, which is similar to the last, also involves Develop and sell a non-Levi’s branded line of jeans to Wal-Mart. The advantage of this is that Levi’s could open up a major new retail channel without devaluing the mother brand. However, this scenario is probably far less interesting for Wal-Mart that would be looking to leverage the nationally recognized brand to improve its own brand image. Interestingly, this scenario is probably far less interesting to Levi’s too, since if Wal-Mart did pick up the generic brand, chances are that it would fall under the â€Å"better† or more likely the â€Å"good† end of the spectrum rather than the â€Å"best,† and the price point would either be unprofitably low or set unreasonably high in order to drive purchases of Wal-Mart’s private labels. 4. Stop extending the brand to the point of complete dilution. Update brand personality and marketing mix to make Levi’s a fresh and relevant brand that resonates with trendsetting youth and speaks to Levi’s management’s perceived competitive advantages, such as commitment to ethical conduct and social responsibility, and the focus on product innovation, quality, and value, rather than simply trying a new channel for a distressed brand. In speaking to a specific target, rather than trying to be everything to everyone, marketing dollars can go a lot further. And by focusing on the demo with the most influence on trends, youth, who have the most dollars going towards jeans per person per year, the chance for growth is good. Plus, by focusing less on the product and the retail outlets and more on the Levi’s experience, there is major potential for organic brand extensions and growth. On the other hand, the risk is that the brand has already been too neglected and diluted and is so â€Å"old school† that it’s too late and will never be perceived as cool by the youth market. In this case getting the last bit of life out of a dying brand by distributing it through mass market channels may be the only answer. Recommendations The financial analysis (appendix A) compares projected results of taking a value brand into Wal-Mart with not taking the brand to mass market and instead concentrating the target, dialing up the cool factor and re-positioning the brand to resonate with the 20% of consumers who have the potential to bring in 80% of revenue (the 20/80 rule of business) – the tween, teen young adult market. As we see, introducing a value-brand at Wal-Mart is expected to sacrifice long-term revenue growth for short-term gain since the devaluation of the brand through its association with a discount mass retailer would likely cause department stores and chains to drop the brand one by one. Once the brand has no life beyond the discounter, its value goes down and is likely to command lower price points and less sales even at the mass level. Within three years, we predict that going the Wal-Mart route over the re-positioning route will cost Levi’s 660 million dollars and ensure that the brand is headed towards extinction. On the other hand, while sales are not likely to grow while the brand is in the process of the transition to focus on becoming relevant to the younger, influential market, we see that after the first year, increased price points and distribution, particularly in its specialty outlets should translate into steady long-term growth for the company. Therefore, in order to turn sales around while protecting the integrity of the brand, the best alternative is the last one, which relies on a market penetration strategy, increasing share among existing customers by focusing promotional efforts, combined with a product development strategy, to identify the best products to appeal to the target demographic. The first step in reviving the brand is to choose to fight brand dilution through concentrated targeting. Levi’s must identify the marketing segment that is most important to Levi’s present and future growth and identify the characteristics, needs and motives of that segment in order to develop and maintain a highly specialized marketing mix. By choosing Generation Y (young people born between approximately 1979 and 1994), also called the Net Generation, or the Millenials, as the main target to lead the brand revitalization efforts, Levi’s would leverage several attributes of this group. First, it represents a demographic of about 76 million in the US. Second, they are in the â€Å"young single† stage of the life cycle, which means they have few financial burdens and therefore more disposable income. Young people are also an aspirational reference group for fashion. If young, hip, trend-setters choose to adopt the brand, this would significantly improve the brand image. Levi’s apparently understands this in theory, selling a few higher-end brands aimed at fashion-forward youngsters in the 15- to 24-year-old range, however the problem is that these brands aren’t resonating well enough with this influential demo to have the intended halo effect on the rest of the jeans line. In order to gain success with this group Levi’s must first change neutral or negative beliefs about product attributes into positive ones. For example, Levi’s needs to go from being â€Å"your parents’ jeans,† to a brand that has relevance in the lives of these young people. Brand is very important to this demographic and they are willing to pay a premium for it. In addition, Gen Y likes and expects personalization and customization. Further, this is a segment that has a much bigger environmental and social conscience than does the generation preceding it. Other important considerations when marketing to the tween and teen demographic, according to Paul Kurnit during his presentation on Understanding Youth, in order to build a relationship with the brand are to: make it lifestyle relevant, give it badge value, generate buzz, make it authentic, let them own it (â€Å"I’ve created this†), and keep it fresh in the long term. By re-positioning the Levi’s brand as a stylish brand with a social and environmental conscience, Levi’s can become extremely relevant to this demographic. And this positioning is actually very close to what management already claims are its competitive advantages, including commitment to ethical conduct and social responsibility, ad the focus on product innovation and quality. The re-positioning will simply take these perceived competitive advantages, shout about them, and give them relevance for a very targeted segment. Some recommendations for the marketing plan to achieve this re-positioning and turn around Levi’s fortunes are: Product †¢Higher-end fashions that appeal to Generation Y Environmentally friendly fabrics used in products (e. g. organic hemp weave) †¢Use manufacturers worldwide that practice fair employment practices use environmentally friendly production processes. †¢Bags for merchandise should be paper, made of recycled materials and be cool and of high quality so that consumers will want to reuse them for other things. †¢At flagship stores, offer customized tags with percentage of proceeds going to charity. Place †¢Original Levi’s One stores to be leaders in shaping brand re-positioning. Increase presence by opening more specialty stores in urban areas. Image department stores high end chain stores. †¢Independent jeaneries †¢Promotion †¢Associate differently coloured tags with key charities so that people can express their social conscience. †¢Support traditional media buys (television print) with the untraditional advertising and promotion methods that Gen Y seeks out. †¢Leverage the popularity of consumer-generated content by giving consumers online tools, including popular music, and video clips, to make their own ads featuring Levi’s styles that they can share with their friends. Create an international online community to leverage the positive image of the brand among trend-setters in other countries and to integrate into young people’s lifestyles. †¢Using guerilla marketing tactics that create buzz such as sending small armies of models dressed only in jeans through city streets in fashion-forward urban areas. †¢Sponsoring mobile phone services like concert alerts. †¢Everything in the store should speak to the young person’s lifestyle, including music. Price The high-end styles should but be priced a little bit lower than other designer and fashion-forward jeans to give a slight cost advantage while the brand is re-building. The recommended target price range is between $50 and $80, but skewing towards the $50 price point as an average price in the first year as the brand regains its â€Å"cool factor. † Conclusion It is easy to understand why Phil Marineau, faced with 5 years of declining sales, would consider getting Levis into the discounters that are grabbing a rising share of apparel sales. Certainly there is a good deal of sales potential of such a move in the short term. But the marketing risks are considerable for a company that has historically strived for a constant injection of cool. Even if Levi’s creates a new brand for Wal-Mart, it would likely still use the Levis name somewhere on the tag, which would quickly destroy any relevance the brand has for fashion-conscious shoppers and signify the beginning of the end for this iconic brand. Instead, Levi’s should turn its perceived competitive advantages like product and promotion innovation and social responsibility into pillars of the brand and sharply focus its target on the segment that spends the most on fashion-forward apparel, the Generation Y. Next steps for implementation In order to fulfill its triple bottom line promise, in its first year of re-positioning, Levi’s should audit current manufacturers for social and environmental best practices and develop plans to improve production processes where necessary. Next, build relationships with key charities that would want to partner with Levi’s on the charitable coloured tab idea. Then, it should begin work on redesigning flagship stores to fit youth lifestyle and work with top retailers to revitalize presence at department stores to fit with fresh branding. Finally, it should introduce the new customizable, altruistic tag jean launch it with a global online community that gives young consumers a chance to express themselves and make the brand their own. Appendix A We will focus on sales, based on the information provided in this case, and assume that the additional costs that might be associated with re-positioning the brand (in particular adjusting manufacturing processes or changing manufacturers and opening new stores, since promotion and product development costs would be similar to previous years, just directed at a new target) would equal approximately to the costs associated with moving into mass market (distribution system changes, especially re-configuring supply chain system to be compatible with Wal-Mart, could be costly) Projections based on Levi’s introducing value brand to Wal-Mart Projected profit on each unit of Levi’s value branded jean (based on highest price of top national brand at Wal-Mart, Dickies $26 – 6$ to retailer): $20 50 million pairs of jeans are sold at discounters out of the 569 million pairs of jeans sold in the US, representing 10% of all jeans sales each year. Assuming that Wal-Mart was se lling half of these 50 million pairs each year, then a Levi’s value brand is likely to take a 20% of these 50 million pairs, or 10 million units . We will base our projection on this: 10 million units in year one, with a 10% drop in number of units sold after the first year (due to brand devaluing as it is taken out of other retail outlets) (9 million in second and third years). Currently, the top 10 customers for Levi’s account for approximately 60% of its total 4. 2 billion in sales (approximately 2. 5 billion dollars). If we assume that 1. billion of this comes from Levi’s jeans sales and if each of the 10 customer’s business is worth approximately 1/10th of that amount, than losing even one customer would cost Levi’s 150 million in jeans sales. Assuming that 1 customer stops carrying the Levi’s brand each year, which is a conservative assumption since, as industry insiders agree once â€Å"you have mass distribution now, we can’t make money on you, you’re gone. † Projections based on Levi’s re-positioning brand targeting Gen Y specifically By keeping its current retail channels and re-positioning its brand, we project that in the first year, Levi’s will have flat sales while the brand is being revitalized, however we project a conservative 10% growth in sales from the current retail channels (from above calculation, this will be 10% of 1. billion in estimated jeans sales) in the 2nd year due to more units being sold and a higher price point and 20% growth in the 3rd year due to expanded Levi’s Original Store sales (with higher margins) and continued growth in traditional Levi’s retail outlets. Year 1Year 2Year 3 Revenue increase from sales Levi’s Wal-Mart value brand$200,000,000$180,000,000$180,000,000 Revenue decrease from removal from other retail outlets 150,000,000300,000,000450,000,000 Total projected sales increase/decrease from entering Wal-Mart50,000, 000(120,000,000)(270,000,000) Revenue increase from re-branding efforts0150,000,000330,000,000 Net gain/loss from choosing to re-position brand rather than selling a value brand to Wal-Mart(50,000,000)270,000,000600,000,000

Not Lowering the Drinking Age Essay Example

Not Lowering the Drinking Age Essay Example Not Lowering the Drinking Age Essay Not Lowering the Drinking Age Essay Bryan Blejski ENG 101-010 Ms. Abbott 28 July 2011 Not Lowering the Drinking Age Many teenage deaths in the United States are caused in some way by the influence of alcohol; however, many people still believe that the legal drinking age should be reduced to eighteen. This issue has been going on for years, but the law has not been changed since the change to twenty-one in 1980. States have become stricter about preventing under-age drinking, but teenagers have no problem getting alcohol. There are many arguments in favor of changing the drinking age back to eighteen. The facts show that drinking alcohol is too large of a responsibility for an eighteen-year-old to handle. In 1980 the government raised the drinking age to twenty-one because the number of drunk driving accidents was causing many teen-age deaths. The young adults of America considered this law a second prohibition. Prohibition was the period in United States history in which the manufacture, sale, and transportation of intoxicating liquors was outlawed. The push for Prohibition began in the beginning of the nineteenth century. After the American Revolution, drinking was on the rise. To combat this, a number of societies were organized as part of a new Temperance movement which attempted to dissuade people from becoming intoxicated. At first, these organizations pushed moderation, but after several decades, the movements focus changed to complete prohibition of alcohol consumption. The Temperance movement blamed alcohol for many of societys ills, especially crime and murder. The problem with the arguments for lowering the legal drinking age is it is simply not in the best interest of the publics safety to do so. Teenagers who drink are a danger to themselves and others especially on the highways. The drinking age was first lowered to eighteen in many states back in the Vietnam War era. The country was asking thousands of its young men to fight and die for their country on foreign soil, so the popular thinking was, How can we ask them to die for their country and not let them have a drink if they want one? But the lower drinking age begin to take a toll on the nations highways. The number of alcohol-related traffic fatalities began to rise at alarming rates, and a high percentage of those involved young drivers. Congress again put pressure on the states to raise the drinking age because of this startling increase in highway deaths. Many groups perform a series of arguments about the status of legal drinking age and few seem happy to leave it at twenty-one, where it has been for many years. One persistent argument in the discussion is on youth rights and privileges, means the age at which you can drink alcohol legally should be lowered to the age where you obtain right to vote and die for your country, eighteen. Currently, the legal drinking age is twenty-one in the U. S. , which is higher than the legal drinking age in many other developed countries. Supporters with an argument for lowering the drinking age, argue that if you have certain rights and obligations that seem more adult in a younger age that are fighting for the country, pay taxes and they marry, should be able to drink. These supporters who make this argument to lower the legal drinking age also suggest that the current legal drinking age simply encourages the illegal use of alcohol, many teenagers have tried alcohol, and some heavily and persistently before they reach the age of twenty-one. Although the above argument for lowering the drinking age may be most logical, it is a more convincing and persuasive argument. Research confirms the argument that the legal drinking age should be twenty-one, in short, adolescents have not developed the cognitive mechanisms, social, and psychological need to make thoughtful decisions and logically about alcohol and also, their bodies have not completed their physical maturation. The government’s changing the legal age to drink from twenty-one to eighteen would be the same as the promotion to avoid the time adolescents have to mature, which is vital for human development and it lays the foundation for responsible participation in society. In summary, research supports the argument that the drinking age should consider the overall perception of how successful undeveloped teens could handle alcohol. Those who want to see the legal drinking age was reduced from twenty-one to eighteen often argue that the legal drinking age in Canada and many European countries are in the middle of adolescence, and argue further that this lower drinking age has not resulted in the dismantling of the social structure (Heath 28). As some scientists and social researchers have pointed out, however, drinking habits of young people has changed considerably in recent years as the influence of American advertising and the availability of U. S. products has spread (Heath 231). Although the argument that a lower legal drinking age may be based on data from other countries, we must remember that the culture of alcohol are different in many of these countries and should not serve as a valid basis for a discussion of American matters. Once again, science and research should lead to an argument for reducing or increasing the legal drinking age. Interestingly, on a cultural tone, in relation to the argument against lowering the drinking age, the fact that younger teens are allowed to drink helped researchers suggest that there is an increase in binge drinking, which have been associated with a dramatic increase in harmful and fatal. accidents, social deviance, and increased distance between adolescents and their parents (Heath 231). Thus, those who support the argument for maintaining the legal drinking age of twenty-one in the United States points out that the vision we have of European drinking heavily romanticized, even dangerously so. There is an extensive amount of research which substantiates the claim that teenagers are simply not prepared, mentally or physically, for alcohol use. Recognizing that teens want to experiment with alcohol drinking regardless of the legal age, lifting the current age or declining it would approve the study, and perhaps even normal use, in an age where teens have not fully matured cognitive or physiological systems (U. S. Department of Health and Human Services VI). Cognitive maturity is necessary for people to make thoughtful and logical decisions in matters that require much thought and insight, while the physical maturity necessary to control the physiological effects of certain drugs, including alcohol. The consumption of alcohol, particularly in large quantities before the bodys systems are ready to form can stunt the healthy development that causes lifelong deficits. At sixteen or even eighteen years, is a teenager able to think ahead and make decisions based on such information. For this reason, the legal drinking age, instead of helping them by holding illegal use until the development has reached its conclusion (U. S. Department of Health and Human Services VI). Research findings about alcohol among teenagers is dramatic and confirms the need for the legal drinking age to be maintained at twenty-one. According to Loeb, Talley, and Zlatoper, the minimum legal drinking age â€Å"has a statistically significant impact on youthful fatality rates† (64), and there is evidence to suggest that lowering the drinking age to eighteen or sixteen would have the effect f increasing deaths caused by traffic and other types of accidents. People tend to view college drinking as a harmless rite of passage. But the problem is not that students drink. Its the quantity in which they drink too much. At least forty percent of students report binge drinking having five or more drinks in one sitting according to the National Center on Addiction and substance abuse at Colu mbia University. Excessive drinking has contributed to more than 1,700 college student deaths and more than 500,000 student injuries in 2001, says the National Institute on alcohol abuse and alcoholism. Thousands of sexual assault among students, are also linked to binge drinking. For all the reasons mentioned here, the legal age of drinking should be maintained in current age: twenty-one. Although it would be naive to think that teens do not experiment with alcohol, not the government and we as responsible citizens, we cannot agree with the previous use of a substance that can have harmful effects if not used correctly. In addition to maintaining the current age, as well as government and people, especially teachers, parents and other adults who are in direct contact with young people, should increase their efforts to educate young people the dangers of early alcohol use. Although alcohol consumption can be integrated into the adaptive form of social routines, context, and limits the proper use should be taught. Cognitive and physical development of young people must be protected. As an adult he can, and hopefully to make considered decisions on alcohol use, but less than twenty-one, they are unable to do so. Heath, Dwight B. International Handbook on Alcohol and Culture. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1995. Print. Heather, Nick, and Tim Stockwell. The Essential Handbook of Treatment and Prevention of Alcohol Problems. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2004. Print. Loeb, Peter D. , Wayne K. Talley, and Thomas J. Zlatoper. Causes and Deterrents of Transportation Accidents: An Analysis by Mode. Westport, CT: Quorum, 1994. Print. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Surgeon General’s Call to Action to Prevent and Reduce Underage Drinking. Washington, D. C. : U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2007. [Electronic Version]. surgeongeneral. gov/topics/underagedrinking/calltoaction. pdf United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Federal Highway Administration. Highway Safety Program Standards. GPO, 1973. Print.

French and Indian War - French and Indian War Seven Year War

French and Indian War - French and Indian War Seven Year War Previous: 1758-1759 - The Tide Turns | French Indian War/Seven Years War: Overview | Next: Aftermath: An Empire Lost, An Empire Gained Victory in North America Having taken Quebec in the fall of 1759, British forces settled in for the winter. Commanded by Major General James Murray, the garrison endured a harsh winter during which over half of the men suffered from disease. As spring approached, French forces led by the Chevalier de Levis advanced down the St. Lawrence from Montreal. Besieging Quebec, Levis hoped to re-take the city before the ice in the river melted and the Royal Navy arrived with supplies and reinforcements. On April 28, 1760, Murray advanced out of the city to confront the French but was badly defeated at the Battle of Sainte-Foy. Driving Murray back into the citys fortifications, Levis continued his siege. This ultimately proved futile as British ships reached the city on May 16. Left with little choice, Levis retreated to Montreal. For the 1760 campaign, the British commander in North America, Major General Jeffery Amherst, intended to mount a three-pronged attack against Montreal. While troops advanced up the river from Quebec, a column led by Brigadier General William Haviland would push north over Lake Champlain. The main force, led by Amherst, would move to Oswego then cross Lake Ontario and attack the city from the west. Logistical issues delayed the campaign and Amherst did not depart Oswego until August 10, 1760. Successfully overcoming French resistance, he arrived outside of Montreal on September 5. Outnumbered and short on supplies, the French opened surrender negotiations during which Amherst stated, I have come to take Canada and I will take nothing less. After brief talks, Montreal surrendered on September 8 along with all of New France. With the conquest of Canada, Amherst returned to New York to begin planning expeditions against French holdings in the Caribbean. The End in India Having been reinforced during 1759, British forces in India began advancing south from Madras and recapturing positions that had been lost during earlier campaigns. Commanded by Colonel Eyre Coote, the small British army was a mix of East India Company soldiers and sepoys. At Pondicherry, the Count de Lally initially hoped that the bulk of the British reinforcements would be directed against a Dutch incursion in Bengal. This hope was dashed in late December 1759 when British troops in Bengal defeated the Dutch without requiring aid. Mobilizing his army, Lally began maneuvering against Cootes approaching forces. On January 22, 1760, the two armies, both numbering around 4,000 men, met near Wandiwash. The resulting Battle of Wandiwash was fought in the traditional European style and saw Cootes command soundly defeat the French. With Lallys men fleeing back to Pondicherry, Coote began capturing the citys out-lying fortifications. Further reinforced later that year, Coote laid siege to t he city while the Royal Navy conducted a blockade offshore. Cut off and with no hope of relief, Lally surrendered the city on January 15, 1761. The defeat saw the French lose their last major base in India. Defending Hanover In Europe, 1760 saw His Britannic Majestys Army in Germany further reinforced as London increased its commitment to the war on the Continent. Commanded by Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick, the army continued its active defense of the Electorate of Hanover. Maneuvering through the spring, Ferdinand attempted a three-pronged attack against Lieutenant General Le Chevalier du Muy on July 31. In the resulting Battle of Warburg, the French attempted to escape before the trap was sprung. Seeking to achieve a victory, Ferdinand ordered Sir John Manners, Marquess of Granby to attack with his cavalry. Surging forward, they inflicted losses and confusion on the enemy, but Ferdinands infantry did not arrive in time to complete the victory. Frustrated in their attempts to conquer the electorate, the French moved north later that year with the goal striking from a new direction. Clashing with Ferdinands army at the Battle of Kloster Kampen on October 15, the French under the Marquis de Castries won a protracted fight and forced the enemy from the field. With the campaign season winding down, Ferdinand fell back to Warburg and, after further maneuvers to expel the French, entered into winter quarters. Though the year had brought mixed results, the French had failed in their efforts to take Hanover. Prussia Under Pressure Having narrowly survived the previous years campaigns, Frederick II the Great of Prussia quickly came under pressure from Austrian General Baron Ernst von Laudon. Invading Silesia, Laudon crushed a Prussian force at Landshut on June 23. Laudon then began moving against Fredericks main army in conjunction with a second Austrian force led by Marshal Count Leopold von Daun. Badly outnumbered by the Austrians, Frederick maneuvered against Laudon and succeeded in defeating him at the Battle of Liegnitz before Daun could arrive. Despite this victory, Frederick was taken by surprise in October when a combined Austro-Russian force successfully raided Berlin. Entering the city on October 9, they captured large amounts of war materials and demanded monetary tribute. Learning that Frederick was moving towards the city with his main army, the raiders departed three days later. Taking advantage of this distraction, Daun marched into Saxony with around 55,000 men. Splitting his army in two, Frederick immediately led one wing against Daun. Attacking at the Battle of Torgau on November 3, the Prussians struggled until late in the day when the other wing of the army arrived. Turning the Austrian left, the Prussians forced them from the field and won a bloody victory. With the Austrians retreating, campaigning for 1760 came to an end. Previous: 1758-1759 - The Tide Turns | French Indian War/Seven Years War: Overview | Next: Aftermath: An Empire Lost, An Empire Gained Previous: 1758-1759 - The Tide Turns | French Indian War/Seven Years War: Overview | Next: Aftermath: An Empire Lost, An Empire Gained A War Weary Continent After five years of conflict, the governments in Europe were beginning to run short of both men and money with which to continue the war. This war weariness led to final attempts to seize territory to use as bargaining chips in peace negotiations as well as overtures for peace. In Britain, a key change occurred in October 1760 when George III ascended to the throne. More concerned with the colonial aspects of the war than the conflict on the Continent, George began to shift British policy. The final years of the war also saw the entry of a new combatant, Spain. In the spring of 1761, the French approached Britain regarding peace talks. While initially receptive, London backed out upon learning of negotiations between France and Spain to widen the conflict. These secret talks ultimately led to Spain entering the conflict in January 1762. Frederick Battles On In central Europe, a battered Prussia was only able to field around 100,000 men for the 1761 campaign season. As most of these were new recruits, Frederick changed his approach from one of maneuver to one of positional warfare. Constructing a massive fortified camp at Bunzelwitz, near Scheweidnitz, he worked to improve his forces. Not believing the Austrians would attack such a strong position, he moved the bulk of his army toward Neisee on September 26. Four days later, the Austrians assaulted the reduced garrison at Bunzelwitz and carried the works. Frederick suffered another blow in December when Russian troops captured his last major port on the Baltic, Kolberg. With Prussia facing complete destruction, Frederick was saved by the death of Empress Elizabeth of Russia on January 5, 1762. With her demise, the Russian throne passed to her pro-Prussian son, Peter III. An admirer of Fredericks military genius, Peter III concluded the Treaty of Petersburg with Prussia that May ending ho stilities. Free to focus his attention on Austria, Frederick began campaigning to gain the upper hand in Saxony and Silesia. These efforts culminated with a victory at the Battle of Freiberg on October 29. Though pleased with the victory, Frederick was angered that the British had abruptly halted their financial subsidies. The British separation from Prussia began with the fall of William Pitt and the Duke of Newcastles government in October 1761. Replaced by the Earl of Bute, the government in London began to abandon Prussian and Continental war aims in favor of securing its colonial acquisitions. Though the two nations had agreed not to negotiate separate peaces with the enemy, the British violated this pact by making overtures to the French. Having lost his financial backing, Frederick entered into peace negotiations with Austria on November 29. Hanover Secured Eager to secure as much of Hanover as possible before the end of fighting, the French increased the number of troops committed to that front for 1761. Having turned back a winter offensive by Ferdinand, French forces under Marshal Duc de Broglie and the Prince of Soubise began their campaign in the spring. Meeting Ferdinand at the Battle of Villinghausen on July 16, they were soundly defeated and forced from the field. The remainder of the year saw the two sides maneuvering for advantage as Ferdinand again succeeded in defending the electorate. With the resumption of campaigning in 1762, he soundly defeated the French at the Battle of Wilhelmsthal on June 24. Pushing on later that year, he attacked and captured Cassel on November 1. Having secured the town, he learned that peace talks between the British and French had begun. Spain the Caribbean Though largely unprepared for war, Spain entered the conflict in January 1762. Promptly invading Portugal, they had some success before British reinforcements arrived and bolstered the Portuguese army. Seeing Spains entry as an opportunity, the British embarked on a series of campaigns against Spanish colonial possessions. Utilizing veteran troops from the fighting in North America, the British Army and Royal Navy conducted a series of combined-arms attacks that captured French Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, and Granada. Arriving off Havana, Cuba in June 1762, British forces captured the city that August. Aware that troops had been withdrawn from North America for operations in the Caribbean, the French mounted an expedition against Newfoundland. Valued for its fisheries, the French believed Newfoundland to be a valuable bargaining chip for peace negotiations. Capturing St. Johns in June 1762, they were driven out by the British that September. On the far side of the world, British forces, freed from fighting in India, moved against Manila in the Spanish Philippines. Capturing Manila in October, they forced the surrender of the entire island chain. As these campaigns concluded word was received that peace talks were underway. Previous: 1758-1759 - The Tide Turns | French Indian War/Seven Years War: Overview | Next: Aftermath: An Empire Lost, An Empire Gained

Issues in Premarital Counseling Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Issues in Premarital Counseling - Term Paper Example This paper describes issues off human sexuality that the couple needs to discuss, a theoretical perspective to the issue, risk factors pertaining to health that might present from the scenario, and cultural competence issues. According to Crooks and Baur (2011), sexual arousal and orgasm are some of the important aspects of human sexuality that the couple needs to discuss. Through sexual practices, an individual is stimulated and psychosomatic adjustments and transformations take place. These transformations are well-defined while others occur slightly and are delicate. People engage themselves in sexual activities with the main aim of attaining orgasm. It is important for the couple to consider the fact that human sexuality involves certain behaviors and doings that is meant for stimulating the partner’s curiosity. Steve and Nadia have to discuss and comprehend the importance of implementing plans of actions as well as behavior particularly associations that stimulates curios ity. For instance, flirting, kissing, and stroking before sexual intercourse. Available sources posit that emotional factors concerns deep and passionate sentiments and feelings associated with sexual activity as well as attachments. There are biological aspects of human sexuality that the couple is ought to discuss. ... In some in some case, medical conditions such as testicular impairment may lead to loss of sexual curiosity and inability of the man to produce sperms. Biological, sexual activity is considered to involve the brain. Mental sanity and ensuring that your partner is happy will lead to a better sexual experience. These are some of the issues for consideration. Women on the other hand may experience low sexual curiosity or interest during menstruation. Elevated levels of hormones that elevate sexual curiosity levels may be present during ovulation period. Other biological aspects the couple should discuss include the issues of contraceptives, pregnancy, and breastfeeding. All these have an effect on human sexuality Michael, Steven, Yvonne & Gladue, 1994). Theoretical perspective Other than procreation and pleasure, sexual activity is a key factor in companionship. In getting engaged, both Steve and Nadia are seeking for companionship. There is a difference between love based on companions hip and love based on passion. According to Crooks and Baur (2011), â€Å"Compassionate love is a less intense emotion than passionate love. It is characterized by friendly affection and a deep attachment based on extensive familiarity with the loved one† (p. 183). In elucidation of this factor of love, a theorist by the name Robert Sternberg came up with a theory of love referred to as Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love. He came up with a number of postulations as he elaborated the reasons why people fall in love. This theory postulates that love is based infatuation, intimacy, and obligation. He asserted that infatuation is the driver of romance and the main contributor to stimulating sexual curiosity. Intimacy is regarded as the psychological aspect

CASE STUDY ON HAITIAN CULTURE Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ON HAITIAN CULTURE - Case Study Example However, Haitians are proud of their history and tradition but majority of them are undergoing rapid change as they integrate into the global community. Their culture still applies to those who even migrated to the United States. In summary, the paper attempts to look at cultural views of homosexuality in Haiti as well as identifying culturally congruent strategies to address in designing of HIV prevention in the Haiti community. In addition, it will briefly discuss reaction of Ronald parents regarding his HIV status. Expressions of homosexuality are not accepted by society outside of certain culture and religious rites such as Carnival among the Haitian community. Haitian Creole reflects common attitudes towards homosexuals. There are, however, significant variations in attitudes, based in large measure on religious conviction. Evangelical Protestant denominations, citing scriptural passages they interpret as prohibiting homosexuality, tend to be least tolerant, often excluding openly homosexual men and women from their congregations. The Catholic Church has a somewhat more subtle approach. They condemn homosexual practices, but tolerating the presence of homosexuals in religious ceremonies, and calling on the faithful, not to mistreat them (World Health Organization, 2010, pp. 5-21). The response from Ronald parents’, if they were religious, to his HIV status would have vacillated a moderate stand of finger-pointing and blame him. This is, as a result of, being tradition and religious. They would stick to the idea of sex being holy and having its rightful place in marriage, and of course only between a man and a woman. In defense of their stance, however, it can be argued that Ronald deviation from this ideal led to HIV infection (Desilva, Grey & Gonzalez, 2009, pp. 70-77). When designing counseling and prevention program for the Haitian community and its population, it is important to note that best practices in counseling would

The interactional nature of suspended clause constructions in Japanese

In spoken Japanese, subordinate clauses often occur without their main clauses. Ohori (1995; 1997) called them suspended clause constructions (SCCs) and formulated that a SCC occurs when â€Å"the intended message is either contextually inferable or conventionalized.† However, it is not very clear when and how the conversational participants know whether the intended message is contextually inferable (or conventionalized) or not, since a SCC and a â€Å"non-suspended version† of subordinate clause are not totally distinct category. Therefore, in order to consider the motivation for SCCs, we need to look carefully at the details of the process of producing SCCs. Based on the corpus analysis on naturally occurring conversational recordings, I propose to modify Ohori’s formulation from the Interactional Linguistic point of view. 1 Introduction It has been widely known that, in spoken Japanese, subordinate clauses (e.g. kedo- /kara- /node- /noni- clauses) often occur without their main clauses (Martin, 1975; Hinds, 1986). While they are syntactically incomplete, they comprise a complete utterance. For example, in (1), speaker A uses a kedo (‘though,’ ‘but’) clause without its main clause. Ohori (1995; 1997) argued that such patterns can be seen as independent grammatical constructions in the sense of Fillmore et al. (1988) and called them suspended clause constructions (SCCs). Answering to a question of â€Å"under what conditions can a clause ‘marked for subordination’ not be accompanied by a following main clause?† (pp.201-202), Ohori (1995) formulated that a SCC occurs when â€Å"the intended message is either contextually inferable or conventionalized† (p.213). From the Construction Grammarians’ point of view, Ohori (1995:216) argued tha... ...r when and how the conversational participants know whether the intended message is contextually inferable (or conventionalized) or not, since a SCC and a â€Å"non-suspended version† of subordinate clause are not totally distinct category. Therefore, in order to consider the motivation for SCCs, we need to look carefully at the details of the process of producing SCCs. Based on the corpus analysis on naturally occurring conversational recordings, I found that it cannot be predetermined whether an subordinate clause is a SCC or not. Rather, SCCs are realized retrospectively as a result of interactive negotiation among conversational participants. Thus, I propose to modify Ohori’s formulation as follows: a SCC occurs when the fact that the intended message is either contextually inferable or conventionalized is interactionally observable by the participants’ behavior.

Natives and the Justice System Essay

The Angus viewed the relationship between Aboriginal people and the Europeans in various ways. The Europeans in the particular context appeared to be superior since they had instigated many activities during the fur trade. An interaction between the particular cultures existed. It saw the union of marriage arise between a young girl of Ojibwa origin and a certain Scottish fur trader. She resided on the shores of the Georgian Bay. The union derived various benefits to her community but the marriage life of Ikwe was marked with isolation and destitution. The Scottish people did not approve the union. Various values and customs often contradicted and drove the relationship that existed between the Scottish trader and Ikwe. The Europeans had at that time embraced and adopted oppression with slavery and forced trade being the mode of operation. The marriage was not perceived well since there was no unity at that time between the European settlers and the Africans. Any collaboration between the Aboriginal people and the European settlers was viewed negatively by the indigenous people who resided in that particular community. The white settlers and traders ruled the lands at that time and treaties were a rare occurrence. Marriage between a trader and an aboriginal girl had various perceptions and it was evident that no form of collaboration would exist between the two families there by dismantling the very basic principles of marriage and family. From Angus’ perspective, various elements stayed hidden between the Aboriginal people’s relationship with the Europeans. The tension that existed between the people superseded the benefits that the community derived from the Europeans. The local traditions feared for the life of Ikwe since she would adopt new ways and forget the customs within which she was bread. Angus did not view Aboriginal people to be equal to the Europeans. According to him the Europeans were more superior. In the movie, the aboriginals were offered less attention by the government compared to the Europeans. The Europeans were given priority in the public offices1. The others were perceived and treated as inferior and irrelevant. The aboriginals had low paying jobs and others were enslaved by the Europeans. This explains why the Europeans opposed the marriage between Ikwe and the trader. Ikwe was an aboriginal and they were regarded as inferior and less intelligent compared to the Europeans. The aboriginals were seen as workers and employees of the Europeans and they criticized the marriage especially the Scottish trader for stooping too low to marry an aboriginal. This clearly depicts that the European society was considered to be superior and more appreciated compared to the other people. In the film, the aboriginals were alienated and separated from the Europeans. They had separate residential areas where the Europeans leaved under better and conducive areas compared to the aboriginals. The aboriginals have restricted movement and they mainly staid in shanties where the living conditions were very poor and high level of poverty and insecurity. In the places of work, the Europeans were considered for the bigger positions and responsibilities. Only Europeans took the leadership positions and the aboriginals were treated as minorities whose rights were ever infringed. In the video, Angus views the aboriginal people as inferior to the Europeans. They are alienated and treated as minorities with no rights. The Europeans considered themselves superior and more intelligent1 References   Milward, David. Aboriginal Justice and the Charter: Realizing a Culturally Sensitive Interpretation of Legal Rights. UBC Press, 2012. Ikwe. Directed by Norma Bailey. 1986. Source document

The Battle Of The Confederate Battle Flag - 1367 Words

A Slow Extinction All the conflict the Confederate battle flag has raised in the past month elevates the question â€Å"should the flag stay up or be taken down.† Many states have already taken it down from official buildings. Other questions appear asking if the flag symbolizes racism or heritage. As said by Coulter â€Å"Think of all the actual people you know, Southern or Yankee. Have any of them ever expressed support for slavery? Ever, ever, ever? No they haven t† (Battle Over Flag).No one wants to see slavery come back. The Civil War and slavery is definitely a big scar on the United States. The flag does not represent any of this; the Confederate flag stands as a symbol of heritage in the eyes of many people, but as a racist disgrace in the†¦show more content†¦The battle flag known today became popular to soldiers. It is distinctive compared to the Unions with its red background, blue â€Å"X,† and stars. This flag’s fame comes from its us e by General Lees Army of Northern Virginia, the greatest military force of the Confederacy. This flag has been said to symbolize hate or racism. As stated by one of our great presidents, We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained it must not break our bonds of affection. The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battlefield and patriot grave to every living heart and hearthstone all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature. (Lincoln) Robert E. Lee is the first commander to use this flag and as said by one author, â€Å"nearly 95% of Lee’s army that fought at Gettysburg did not own a single slave† (McPherson). This image of the South where everyone owns slaves is not correct. In fact, two authors say that, â€Å"The average white Southern family in antebellum America lived on a small farm without slaves. Slave ownership was the exception, not the rule† (Williamson and Cain). As presented by Williamson and Cain, â€Å"Over 80 percent of the free adult males in the South did not own slaves† (Measuring Slaves). Many 19th century Southern Americans are not. Most white people work on plantations with slaves forShow MoreRelatedThe Battle Of The Confederate Flag1070 Words   |  5 Pagespride or statement of hate? Many people have strong opinions when it comes to the Confederate Flag; many others are not as educated as they think they are on this topic. When it comes to what the civil war was really caused by, and what the Flag really stands for, people tend to make up their own conclusions. There is much about the Confederacy’s side of the war that isn’t taught in schools or reported on the news. The Flags of the Confederacy are prominent figures in American History. The Civil WarRead MoreThe Battle Of The Confederate Flag2086 Words   |  9 Pagesthere has been many flags that represent something unique of a nation. Flags that symbolizes our freedom and pride of becoming part of that nation. These flags give us the motivation and strength to fight until the end for the protection of our nation. However, as years went by, many different flags have brought about many controversies that have resulted in the fall and disappearance of them, all except one, the Confederate Flag. The Confederate flag is a well-known historical flag all around the UnitedRead MoreThe Battle Of The Confederate Flag1695 Words   |  7 Pagestrifles, Americans cannot seem to agree upon anything. One of these seemingly pointless issues is whether the rectangular Second Confederate Navy Jack and the Battle Flag of Northern Virginia, or as many people call the â€Å"confederate flag†, should be banned. It is difficult to discern what exactly set off this movement, th e fact of the matter is that the confederate flag has been used for years with no apparent backlash, but has become an issue of controversy. This debate has raised legitimate concernRead MoreThe Battle Of The Confederate Flag1719 Words   |  7 PagesThe confederate flag has been a symbol of power that has caused oppression throughout its existence, but recently, more than ever, it has come under fire due to its association with racism. In June of 2015, Dylann Roof executed nine people inside of a Black church in South Carolina. As the media began to dig into this homegrown terrorist s background, they uncovered symbols that he attached his ideologies to. One prominent symbol was the confederate flag. In the immediate following weeks there wereRead MoreThe Battle Of The Confederate Flag1106 Words   |  5 PagesThe Confederate flag remains to be a hot topic that is drawing a lot of controversy in the state of Mississippi. Some individuals feel that the flag has a right to be flyin g all over the state; while, others can see it removed completely. The purpose of this paper is to discuss in detail four important topics as follows: (1) the history of the Confederate flag, (2) the economic impact, (3) state agencies and municipalities’ stance and (4) the Legislative position concerning the issue. The flag originatedRead MoreThe Battle Of The Confederate Flag977 Words   |  4 PagesWhen I first came across the Negative Views assignment, I immediately thought of the Confederate Flag. It was an obvious choice considering all the attention and the controversy surrounding it in the past few weeks. For me personally, if I was asked six months ago what I thought about the Confederate flag, I would say I loosely associated it with the term â€Å"redneck.† I looked up the definition of â€Å"redneck† on Internet Slang and it said redneck means, â€Å"Unsophisticated rural person from Southeast USARead MoreThe Battle Of The Confederate Flag954 Word s   |  4 PagesMany, in the new era, do not know the history behind the meaning of a true rebel. The definition of rebel has changed in America from patriot in the time of the American Revolutionary war to confederate in the Civil War and to redneck in today’s societal controversy concerning the image of the Confederate flag. The first definition of rebel originates from the term of patriot from the Revolutionary War. The definition of rebel in the colonies during the Revolutionary War time was a person who wasRead MoreThe Battle Of The Confederate Flag956 Words   |  4 PagesAlabama today is full of discrimination, confederate flags, and hatred towards black people. Many white Americans in the south will argue that the confederate flag represents their â€Å"culture† and their historical background, which I find ludicrous. The confederate flag flew under the laws of the confederacy where racism and slavery were openly accepted, if not encouraged, in the states of the confederacy. People that encourage the flight of the confederate flag have not considered that part of historyRead MoreThe Battle Of The Confederate Flag1174 Words   |  5 PagesThe Confederate flag has recently been another hot button issue in education with the events that happened in South Carolina in the summer of 2016. That flag represents different things for different people. African Americans view the flag a symbol of racism and oppression. While white people from the south view it has a symbol of their southern spirit and a salt of the earth hardworking heritage. As this debate continues to wage on, one wonders if the period of Reconstruction is not over. WhatRead MoreThe Battle Of The Confederate Flag1321 Words   |  6 PagesLooking at the confederate flag, one can see the conflict of harm versus free speech it imposes. The idea of the original confederate flag did stand as symbol of racism and pro-slavery. The confederate flag was in its due time flown as a symbol of war and a threat against those who do not stand by the principles of the confederation. During the civil war the confederate flag could very legitimately be seen as a harmful form of free speech. However in present day, the confederate flag, for the most